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Singaporeans love their bubble tea.

Since being introduced to Singapore in 1992, bubble tea has become an essential beverage for many Singaporeans.

But is there a place in Singapore that can be crowned the bubble tea capital?

There's Queensway for sport shoes, Sim Lim Square for PC parts and computer peripherals, Bras Basah Complex for used books.

Could there be a similar location for bubble tea?

Surely, you might think, it would be the glitzy malls of Orchard Road — the place where the flagship outlets of new consumer brands draw long queues.

But according to a Facebook post by All Singapore Stuff in 2019, the bubble tea capital of Singapore is a town in the east — Tampines.

Now, being the "bubble tea capital" is a pretty big claim to fame.

Do Tampines residents really get to claim this title?

It is time to answer the question once and for all—with the power of facts, numbers, and science.

I embarked on a quest to crunch the numbers and consult the experts.

I even headed down to Tampines to see it for myself.

Step 1: The bubble tea database

Our journey begins with an Excel sheet. I set out to create a comprehensive list of all the bubble tea shops in Singapore.

I started by making a list of bubble tea brands from internet searches and the collective wisdom of colleagues.

Then, I went to each brand's website to find out their shop locations, and listed them in a spreadsheet.

It took a while, but I was finally done with a broad sweep of which areas had the greatest number of bubble tea shops.

With this extensive spreadsheet, I could now narrow down the bubble tea hotspots, and rule out places that definitely wouldn't be the bubble tea capital.

The initial list

Six areas stood out: Jurong, Tampines, Orchard, Yishun, Woodlands, and Sengkang.

Now, I was just missing the small bubble tea brands that wouldn't immediately come to mind or have a website I could easily check.

So I hopped onto Google Maps, zoomed in on those six areas, and caught all the tiny shops that I'd missed.

With that, I made an initial list of shops in the most bubble-tea-dense areas in Singapore.

No.	Jurong (40)	Tampines (36)	Orchard (30)	Yishun (30)	Woodlands (26)	Sengkang (25)
1	Bober Tea	19 Tea	Bober Tea	Bb Tea House	Bober Tea	Bober Tea
2	Chicha San Chen	Bober Tea	Cha Men	Bober Tea	Chicha San Chen	Chicha San Chen
3	Chicha San Chen	Bubblecute	Chicha San Chen	Bubblekia	Dew Station	Each A Cup
4	Cold Rock	Bumble Tea	Chicha San Chen	Chicha San Chen	Each A Cup	Each A Cup
5	Each A Cup	Chicha San Chen	Chicha San Chen	Each A Cup	Each A Cup	Each A Cup
6	Each A Cup	Each A Cup	Chicha San Chen	Each A Cup	Each A Cup	Gong Cha
7	Gong Cha	Each A Cup	Chinese Tofu Magician	Each A Cup	Gong Cha	I Love Taimei
8	HeyTea	Each A Cup	Each A Cup	Each A Cup	Gong Cha	Koi
9	I Love Taimei	Each A Cup	Each A Cup	Gong Cha	iTea	Koi
10	iTea	Fat Cat Bubble Tea	Gong Cha	I Love Taimei	iTea	Koi
11	iTea	Fruce	Hearty Xiang Gang	iTea	iTea	Koi
12	iTea	Gong Cha	HeyTea	iTea	Koi	LiHO
13	iTea	Gong Cha	HeyTea	iTea	Koi	LiHO
14	iTea	I Love Taimei	Hollin	iTea	LiHO	LiHO
15	iTea	iTea	Hot & Cold	Ice Talk	LiHO	LiHO
16	Its bubblin	iTea	Ice Talk	Koi	LiHO	Nine Fresh
17	Koi	iTea	Koi	Koi	Milksha	Nine Fresh
18	Koi	Koi	Koi	Libertea	Nine Fresh	PlayMade
19	Koi	Koi	Koi	LiHO	R&B Tea	R&B Tea
20	Koi	Koi	Koi	LiHO	R&B Tea	R&B Tea
21	LiHO	LiHO	Koi	LiHO	Sharetea	Taipei Zhan
22	LiHO	LiHO	Koi	Muyoo	Sweet Heart Shop	TeaGIF
23	LiHO	Milksha	LiHO	Nine Fresh	Sweet Talk	The Alley
24	LiHO	Nine Fresh	LiHO	PlayMade	Sweet Talk	The Whale Tea
25	LiHO	PlayMade	LiHO	Sharetea	Tea Time	Yi Fang
26	LiHO	R&B Tea	Machi Machi	Sweet Talk	Teavana
27	Muyoo	Snowcup	Milksha	The Alley
28	Nine Fresh	Sweet Talk	Nine Fresh	The Alley
29	PlayMade	Tea Tree Cafe	PlayMade	Ulu Tea
30	PlayMade	T.Go Express	Sharetea	World Tea House
31	Sharetea	The Alley
32	Sharetea	The Alley
33	Sweet Talk	Wanpo Tea House
34	Sweet Talk	World Tea House
35	Sweet Talk	Yocha Tea & Desserts
36	Tea Dough	Yocha Tea & Desserts
37	Teavana
38	The Whale Tea
39	Wanpo Tea Shop
40	Yi Fang

Step 2: Refining the criteria

A quick glance at the above table might suggest that Jurong is the bubble tea capital.

Not so fast, though: there's still a small flaw in the methodology that needs to be corrected.

I counted areas like Jurong East, Boon Lay, Lakeside, and Pioneer as part of Jurong. But that might not be fair.

Although most people would consider Pioneer to be part of Jurong (or at least the Jurong region), it is four MRT stations away from Jurong East.

Naturally, the area we know as "Jurong" would have more bubble tea shops than Yishun, but that isn't particularly surprising or meaningful.

Furthermore, if you told me I was in Singapore's bubble tea capital, it'd seem a little unreasonable to have to take a bus or MRT just to get to a particular bubble tea shop.

We are doing serious investigative journalism here. We need a narrower, more scientific definition of the bubble tea capital.

Walking distance

From the background image in the viral post, the claim that Tampines was the bubble tea capital seems to have been premised on the density of options, not just the number.

We should be able to not only know that a place is the bubble tea capital, but be able to feel it as well.

So it's probably fair to say that a bubble tea capital should have a lot of bubble tea shops that are within comfortable walking distance — so much that a tourist who wandered in for the first time might wonder, "Why are there so many bubble tea shops here?"

An average Singaporean can cover 500 metres in slightly less than five minutes, walking at our comfortable world-leading average pace of 6.1km per hour. That sounds pretty reasonable for walking distance.

This worked out with a real-life example. I consulted Google Maps and found the distance between the Mothership office and the nearest bubble tea shop — slightly less than 500m — which most colleagues were willing to walk to buy bubble tea, but no further.

So, our final definition:

The bubble tea capital of Singapore contains the most number of bubble tea shops within a 500m radius of its MRT station.

Step 3: Mapping it all out

I then plotted out every single bubble tea shop in the above six locations: Tampines, Jurong, Orchard, Yishun, Woodlands, and Sengkang.

By plotting the maps out in this way, I could eliminate any bubble tea shop further than 500m away from its area's MRT station (indicated in grey).

Orchard indeed emerged as a strong contender, since many of its shops were, after all, along Orchard Road.

But one would hardly feel the density of bubble tea while walking from Orchard MRT to as far as Dhoby Ghaut (even though it's technically still Orchard Road).

We could also rule out places like Yishun, where a good number of bubble tea shops lay in the homely heartland malls outside Yishun Ring Road — way farther than you'd walk to from Yishun MRT station.

Woodlands and Sengkang were eliminated for similar reasons.

But here's where Paya Lebar emerged as a possible competitor, since it also had a cluster of bubble tea shops very close to the MRT.

So I plotted the bubble tea shops in Paya Lebar, too.

Here is a table showing the number of bubble tea shops within a 500m radius of each MRT station.

Number of bubble tea shops with a 500m radius of the MRT:

MRT Station	Count
Tampines	21
Paya Lebar	17
Yishun	17
Jurong East*	16
Somerset	13
Orchard	11
Boon Lay	10
Woodlands	8
Sengkang	6
Dhoby Ghaut	5
Buangkok	4
Tampines East	4
Admiralty	3
Pioneer	2
Khatib	2
Marsiling	2
Tampines West	1
Woodlands South	1

*Note: The number for Jurong East includes two shops in JCube, which is closing down in August.

It turns out that Tampines has the most number of bubble tea shops within walking distance of the MRT.

Accounting for variety

As I was making this list, I noticed that some outlets were showing up... a lot.

For example, Tampines MRT has three Koi, two Gong Cha, and two LiHO outlets within a 500m radius.

Some people might think that a true bubble tea capital would not just have a large quantity of bubble tea outlets. Perhaps it needs a large variety, too.

So, here's another list that ranks the MRT stations according to the most number of unique bubble tea shops within a 500m radius.

This means that Koi, for example, will only be counted once under Tampines for this list.

Number of unique bubble tea shops within a 500m radius of the MRT:

MRT Station	Count
Tampines	17
Paya Lebar	16
Yishun	15
Jurong East	13
Somerset	13
Boon Lay	8
Orchard	8
Woodlands	7
Sengkang	6
Dhoby Ghaut	5
Buangkok	4
Tampines East	4
Admiralty	3
Pioneer	2
Khatib	2
Marsiling	2
Tampines West	1
Woodlands South	1

The winner for this category is, once again, Tampines.

Step 4: Verifying the results

There's one last test that we need to put Tampines through before it can rightfully claim the throne.

My colleagues and I went down to Tampines MRT itself and spent an hour walking through the entire area, to verify that our numbers were correct.

@firsthand.ms Oolong milk tea, 50% sugar level, no pearls. Thank you. #tiktoksg #fyp #tampines #bubbletea ♬ original sound - Firsthand

Sure enough, there were 20 bubble tea shops in the malls immediately surrounding Tampines MRT.

We didn't visit the 21st bubble tea shop, because it was a little further away on Tampines Street 12. But a quick online search showed that it was still in operation, with active pages on various food delivery platforms.

So congratulations, Tampines. You are officially the bubble tea capital of Singapore!

Why got so much bubble tea?

Now you know where the bubble tea capital is.

But we were not satisfied with just knowing where. We also wanted to know why.

What makes Tampines so conducive to being a bubble tea capital? Why are there so many bubble tea shops in such a small area?

We headed down to the streets of Tampines and asked people for their thoughts.

Did people realise there was so much bubble tea in the area? Did they particularly care about Tampines being the bubble tea capital?

It turns out that most people were aware of the large density of bubble tea shops in Tampines.

However, many were still surprised to hear the actual numbers. Some even told me they didn't see the need for so many bubble tea shops.

And, of course, some people gleefully claimed that the bubble tea capital being in Tampines was proof that the east is better than the west.

I'll let you pass your own judgment on that.

We asked an expert for her thoughts

I consulted the expert opinion of Sky Kiat Ying Seah, Academic Director for the MSc(Real Estate) programme and Senior Lecturer at the NUS Department of Real Estate.

Seah, whose research interests include spatial analysis and economics, introduced me to the concept of market area:

"The main reason as to why different retail goods have different market areas is that they require different levels of customer base to stay profitable.

Bubble tea outlets require a smaller customer base."

For that reason, each bubble tea shop has a small market area. In other words, a given amount of space (e.g. Tampines) can accommodate a relatively large number of bubble tea outlets.

Bubble tea shops can thus end up being located in close proximity to each other.

By contrast, furniture retail outlets are an example of shops that have a large market area. Accordingly, you will see a smaller number of furniture retail shops distributed over that same space.

But why does everyone set up shop at Tampines?

That's one question answered. But why Tampines, of all places?

As a spokesperson for local bubble tea brand LiHO shared, Tampines is home to many amenities such as sports complexes, schools, and shopping centres.

LiHO currently operates two bubble tea outlets in Tampines, one of which began operations in 2016.

Furthermore, the spokesperson added, they are anticipating future residential developments in areas like Tampines.

As a result, Tampines is a good location for any bubble tea brand to reach a significant customer base.

Seah agreed, saying:

"Bubble tea shops have a wide demographic appeal, with the appeal tending to be stronger among the younger crowd.

As a result, you do see that bubble tea outlets tend to be located near enrichment centers, schools, and tertiary institutions."

Indeed, within the vicinity of Tampines MRT station, there are many schools like Tampines Secondary School, Pasir Ris Secondary School, and St. Hilda's Secondary School.

Students from other schools in Tampines may also pass by Tampines MRT on their commutes.

Meanwhile, Tampines Mall alone houses five enrichment centres, including The Learning Lab and Stalford Learning Centre.

Standing out from the crowd

Still, with so many bubble tea shops within close proximity, how do these brands differentiate themselves from one another?

LiHO's spokesperson said that the brand tries to differentiate from its competitors by providing a Healthier Choice drinks menu, as well as by introducing new bubble tea flavours.

The top two most popular LiHO drinks in the last year are the Earl Grey Milk Tea and the Lychee Rose Jing Syuan. The latter flavour is unique to LiHO, which indicates some success with offering differentiated products.

Seah added that bubble tea brands often offer frequent-visit promotion efforts to enhance brand loyalty.

However, she also said that customer loyalty is difficult to achieve for most bubble tea brands.

Seah explained: "Bubble tea is a good that has close substitutes among the different brands. A brown sugar milk drink tastes relatively the same, and costs relatively the same, from any outlet."

A win for the heartlands

There's your answer. Now we know where the bubble tea capital is, and why.

During my search for the bubble tea capital of Singapore, I was pleasantly surprised to see so many heartland neighbourhoods competing for the top spot.

In fact, Tampines, Jurong, and Woodlands are located at various corners of Singapore — far from central locations like Orchard and Somerset.

Tampines's victory as the bubble tea capital speaks to the success of the plan to decentralise development to regional centres across Singapore.

After all, according to LiHO and Seah's responses, it seems that bubble tea shops choose to set up shop in places with large numbers of people, especially younger audiences.

A larger concentration of bubble tea shops in an area would thus suggest that the area has a large population, including a good number of younger people.

Perhaps this investigation is not just a victory for any one neighbourhood, then. It turns out that our heartlands, located in the geographic fringes of Singapore, contain just as much life as the city centre does — at the very least, for those who'd agree that "bubble tea is life".

Regardless: Tampines residents, you have every right to celebrate. You are officially living in the bubble tea capital of Singapore.

And there's a good reason for it, too.

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Have something even more interesting going on in your neighbourhood? One-up us at [email protected].

Firsthand is a new content pillar by Mothership, featuring in-depth stories about people and their issues.

Top photos by Kelsy Koh and from Wikimedia Commons.